PRP (platelet-rich plasma): what it is, what it is used for and what evidence it has
PRP is a concentration of platelets obtained from your own blood. It is applied to tendons, joints or skin with the aim of using the growth factors that platelets release. The evidence varies by condition.
State of the evidence
Mixed evidence depending on the use
There are studies showing benefit in some conditions, such as mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis, and inconsistent results in others. Protocols are not standardized.
Educational information prepared by Dr. Belinda Martínez, physician and surgeon. Last updated: October 3, 2026. It does not replace an assessment by a doctor.
What is PRP and how is it prepared?
A small amount of blood is drawn, processed in a centrifuge to separate and concentrate the platelets, and the resulting fraction is applied to the area being treated. It contains no stem cells: it is a blood product with platelets, plasma and, depending on the method, some white blood cells.
There are different preparation methods, with different concentrations of platelets and white blood cells, which partly explains why studies give different results.
What it is used for and what the evidence says
| Condition | What the evidence suggests |
|---|---|
| Mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis | Several studies and reviews show pain relief compared with placebo or hyaluronic acid; quality and protocols vary and guidelines differ |
| Lateral epicondylitis ("tennis elbow") | Mixed results; some favorable trials and others with no difference compared with other options |
| Tendinopathies (patellar, Achilles, others) | Limited or inconsistent evidence |
| Androgenetic alopecia | There are studies showing increased hair density, with variable protocols; it is considered a complementary option |
| Skin rejuvenation | Limited evidence of variable quality |
In general, PRP may help some people with certain problems, but it does not restore lost cartilage and it is not a universal treatment.
Risks and contraindications
Because it comes from your own blood, the risk of rejection is low. The most common effects are temporary pain, swelling or discomfort in the area. Infection is rare. Let the doctor know if you take anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, or have a clotting or platelet disorder, an active infection or a blood disease.
What to ask before accepting a treatment
With any biological therapy, it is worth asking these questions and expecting clear, written answers:
- Does it have health authorization for this use? In Mexico, products and procedures involving human cells are regulated by COFEPRIS; you can ask for proof.
- Are there published studies in people with my condition? What results did they show?
- What are the risks and what conventional alternatives exist?
- Who administers it, with what training and in what facility?
- What is the total cost and what happens if it does not work?
When to see a doctor
Seek medical care soon if you have any of these signs:
- Fever, chills or feeling very unwell after a procedure.
- Spreading redness, warmth, pus or increasing pain at the application site.
- Allergic reaction: hives, swelling of the lips or face, difficulty breathing.
- Severe pain that does not improve or gets worse over the days.
Frequently asked questions
How many sessions are needed?
There is no single number. Studies use from one to several applications, depending on the condition. It is a decision made with the doctor.
Does PRP regenerate cartilage?
There is no solid evidence that it does. It is used mainly to relieve symptoms in mild to moderate osteoarthritis.
Does it hurt?
There may be discomfort from the needle and pain or a feeling of pressure in the first few days. It is usually temporary.
Is it the same as hyaluronic acid?
No. PRP concentrates platelets from your blood; hyaluronic acid is a substance that lubricates the joint. They are different options that are sometimes compared in studies.
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Dr. Belinda Martínez reviews your case at her office in Guadalajara. The assessment is free of charge and does not commit you to any treatment.
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This content is informational and educational; it is not a diagnosis or a treatment recommendation. If you have any symptoms, consult a health professional.